Distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes in Hainan, China

Objective: To analyze the distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes in Hainan island, which is one of the most endemic areas of HBV infection in China. Methods: A total of 52 patients with chronic HBV infection were enrolled. HBV genotypes were determined by nested polymerase chain reaction using genotype-specific primer pairs. Results: All patients were positive for nested polymerase chain reaction and the genotype B was detected in all patient serum samples. Moreover, 23 of 52 patients (44.2%) have been detected with genotype B and C coinfection. Conclusions: HBV genotype B is mostly prevalent in Hainan island. Intriguingly, co-infection of genotype B and C was frequently detected in Hainan island, but it may need to be further verified by HBV full genome sequencing analysis.

Comparison of different modes of using tranexamic acid administration on reducing hidden blood loss in total hip arthroplasty / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the clinical efficacy of using tranexamic acid in different ways to reduce the hidden blood loss in patients who receiving total hip arthroplasty (THA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 68 patients with osteonecrosis of the femeral head treated by total hip arthroplasty in our hospital from February 2010 to July 2015 were randomly divided into the intravenous drip group (group A) and the topical application group (group B). In group A, there were 19 males and 15 females, with an average age of (62.0±6.4) years old, preoperative average hemoglobin was (121.30±8.15) g/L, average Hematocrit was (0.470±0.039) L/L. In group B, there were 18 males and 16 females, with an average age of (64.0±7.5) years old, preoperative average hemoglobin was (125.28±9.37) g/L, average Hematocrit was (0.490±0.041) L/L. The operation incision were performed through the posterolateral approach and the normal operation mode, biological prosthesis was selected. Through different ways the tranexamic acid was used to control of intraoperative and postoperative bleeding. Tranexamic acid was intra articular injection as a dose of 10 mg/kg 10 min to patient before anesthesia in intravenous drip group. In topic group, 3 g of tranexamic acid was dissolved in 120 ml saline and divided into three equal parts, then two pieces of gauze were immersed in 40 ml tranexamic acid solution. One gauze with 40 ml tranexamic acid was used to soak the acetabulum for 5 minutes after the acetabular preparation, another gauze was inserted in the femoral canal for 5 minutes after femoral canal broach preparation. The remaining 40 ml tranexamic acid fluid was injected into the hip joint after fascia closure. Place the drainage tube and clip it for 3 hours. Hemoglobin (Hb) and Hematocrit (Hct) were recorded at 72 hours after operation. The total blood loss, dominant blood loss, and hidden blood loss were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In group A, postoperative hemoglobin difference before and after operation was (32.34±7.42) g/L, total blood loss was (833.6±81.4) ml, the hidden blood loss was (276.3±57.9) ml, red blood cell volume was (10.1±1.4) L/L;In group B, hemoglobin difference before and after operation was (28.2±6.1) g/L, total blood loss was (792.5±61.8) ml, the hidden blood loss was (297.5±50.3) ml, red blood cell volume was (9.2±1.2) L/L. There was no statistical significance about those aspect (>0.05). Compared of blood coagulation function between two groups, in group A: PT (12.78±2.03) s, APTT (34.27±3.91) s, INR (32.34±7.42); and in group B: PT (13.17±2.19) s, APTT (32.36±3.18) s, INR (28.24±6.14). There was no significant differences also (>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Compared with intravenous application, topical application of tranexamic acid could also effectively reduce total blood loss and hidden blood loss, postoperative blood transfusion rate in primary total hip arthroplasty, while does not increase the risk of DVT.</p>

Plasma proteomic analysis in male normotensive, prehypertensive and hypertensive subjects / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the plasma proteome among male normotensive, prehypertensive, and hypertensive subjects.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Plasma proteome was analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in this case-control study among well matched male normotensive, prehypertensive and hypertensive subjects (n = 26 each).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results showed that there were 22 differentially expressed protein spots among the protein samples derived from the 3 groups which corresponded to 18 proteins associated with inflammation and immunity, lipid metabolism, transport, coagulation and fibrinolysis, cell proliferation and apoptosis, and antioxidation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Proteins were differentially expressed in male subjects with various blood pressure levels.</p>

Pericardial endothelin secretion in patients underwent open heart surgery / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate pericardial endothelin (ET) secretion by the human pericardial mesothelial cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Plasma, pericardial fluid and pericardial tissue were obtained in 51 patients receiving open heart surgery (coronary artery bypass grafting, elective heart valvuloplasty or valve replacement). ET concentrations in the plasma, pericardial fluid and pericardial tissues were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). ET mRNA expression in the human pericardium was detected by in situ hybridization.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The levels of ET in human pericardial fluid was significantly higher than that in the plasma [(128.8 +/- 44.0) ng/L vs. (93.7 +/- 28.6) ng/L, P < 0.001]; (2) ET concentration in the pericardial tissue was (510.3 +/- 156.7) ng/kg; (3) In situ hybridization technique evidenced the abundant ET mRNA expression in human pericardial mesothelial cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The study indicated that pericardium secreted ET into the pericardial space.</p>

Hyperplasia suppressor gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells derived from normotensive and hypertensive patients underwent bypass surgery / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the novel hyperplasia suppressor gene (HSG) expression in vascular smooth muscle cells derived from normotensive and hypertensive patients underwent bypass surgery.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Coronary heart disease patients underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) operation in BEIJING ANZHEN hospital from 4 - 9, 2006 were enrolled in this study and divided into hypertensive group (n = 28) and normotensive group (n = 26). The preoperative venous blood samples were taken for serum biochemical and vasoactive peptides measurements. Total RNA was extracted from WBC, explanted-vessels and cultured VSMCs using TRIZOL and HSG expression was determined by Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher in hypertensive group compared to normotensive group (P < 0.01) while other biochemic parameters and vasoactive peptides were similar between the groups. BMI and GLU, BMI and SBP, BMI and DBP, GLU and TG, SBP and DBP were positively correlated (all P < 0.05). HSG expression in WBC, VSMCs and vessel tissue were significantly lower in hypertensive group than those in normotensive group (all P < 0.05). HSG expression in tissue was negatively correlated to BMI, SBP and DBP (all P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Reduced HSG expression and the negative correlation on vascular tissue HSG expression to BMI, SBP and DBP suggested a possible inhibitory role of HSG on VSMC proliferation and blood pressure.</p>

Increased plasma vasoactive substances and antioxidant enzymes levels in prehypertensive patients / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study investigates the plasma vasoactive substances and antioxidant enzymes levels in prehypertensive patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Patients were scruited according to JNC-7 and divided into three groups: 74 normotensive subjects (NT group, 38 males, mean age 47.15 +/- 7.77 years old); 51 prehypertensive patients (PH group, 29 males, mean age 47.82 +/- 5.16 years old) and 71 essential hypertensive patients (EH group, 37 males, mean age 48.25 +/- 7.97 years old). Serum lipids and plasma angiotensin II (Ang II), endothelin (ET), vasopressin (AVP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) by radioimmunoassay and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Serum Lipids (TG, CHO and LDL) were significantly higher in the PH and EH groups compared to NT group (all P < 0.05). Ang II, AVP and ET were significantly increased while CGRP decreased in the EH group than that in NT group (all P < 0.05). SOD was significantly lower while GPX significantly higher. Further more, in the PH and EH groups than those in the NT group (all P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SOD was reduced and GPX increased in prehypertensive patients.</p>